optimized for short range), and (3) over the center-to-edge range (e.g. optimal at f16–f22), (2) over distance (e.g. Lens personalitiesĪlthough lenses of the same type and brand differ somewhat in sharpness across specimen and across focal lengths, they typically show up a highly similar distribution of sharpness (1) over their apertures (e.g. Finally, there are big differences between (and among) artificial light sources and natural light, a topic that merits a review of its own.įigure 1: Highlights (cropped images), Above with a five-blade iris, resulting in edgy highlights, below with a many-blade iris resulting in circular highlights. They can vary from harsh and contrasty to delicate and smooth. Of course bokeh is not the only property that matters large format is also chosen for its tonality and sharpness, in various orders of importance, and for people photography in particular, it's very important how in-focus skin tones come off. the 240mm Apo-Ronar versus the 240mm Fujinon-A, there remains a visible difference also at f16 (at least under natural light conditions). Differences in bokeh between lenses are most outspoken wide open, and the smaller the aperture, the smaller the differences in general, but for particular lenses, e.g. For all the rest, bokeh is a combination of out of focus contrast on the one hand and lens design on the other hand. For the highlights, a lack of bokeh is related to the edgy shapes of 7 or 5-blade irises in modern (and some older) shutters, in contrast to the superior circular irises in Compur, Compound, and other shutters that are no longer built (see Fig.1). ![]() In other words, distant and proximate objects out of focus should fade into the background rather than show up contrasty lines around them, a desirable property called bokeh. Skin tones in focus, and out-of-focus bokeh (creamyness)īecause humans are less good at sitting motionless than buildings and trees are, and small apertures therefore can’t be used, it's important for a portrait to have a smooth transition from the sharp to the unsharp areas, and a creamy rather than busy appearance of the latter. you know how a camera works, what a bellows extension factor is, and how film development affects the results see the sources mentioned at the end in case you want to catch up. For the remainder, I’ll presume that you have a basic understanding of large format photography, i.e. While lines per millimeter, contrast, and other technical properties are surely interesting, a technically superior lens according to such criteria is not necessarily a great lens for portraits, and warrants additional examination-a loophole that I attempt to fill. Comparative tests of these lenses rarely, if ever, focus on their performance as portrait lenses in any detail. ![]() Paradoxically, information on more recent lenses (1930 onwards) that are conveniently mounted in shutters by their manufacturers is much harder to come by. Those older lenses, specialized or not, have been documented relatively well (some references are at the end). Many different kinds of lenses were developed over the years, among them specialized ones for portraiture that rendered pictures considered more flattering. At the beginning, lenses had no shutters, exposure times were long, and sitters had to stay motionless for a long time. From the inception of photography onwards, photographers have been interested in photographing people. Moreover, 5x7” (and larger) negatives make possible breath-taking contact prints too. The appeal of large format is the combination of high resolution and beautiful tonality. ![]() Here you’ll find reviews of lenses for 4x5” and 5x7” negatives, targeted towards their usefulness for portraits in the broadest sense. Enlarging with fingers).Large Format Lenses for Portraits (2 nd ed.) But, this Bokeh can be achieved in Single Lens Camera, (with digital Zoom – ie.In Dual Lens Mobile Camera, Bokeh effect can be achieved without much effort – that too, to a good extend.“BOKEH” is an effect by which the near object is in full focus and the background becomes Blurred – This effect is prominent in SLR & DSLR like Cameras.This series is for Common Guides / People and with Mobile Camera in Mind (mainly)
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